Citing and referencing: In-Text Citations: Further Information

A guide to the styles recommended by Monash schools and departments for students and researchers

IEEE Resources:

In-Text Citations: Further Information

This page lists some common queries about formatting In-Text Citations using the IEEE Style. If your scenario is not covered here, consult IEEE's Documentation Style resource.

En Dash:

Use the en dash ( – ) rather than a hyphen ( - ) when indicating numerical ranges (e.g. page ranges, reference ranges, figure ranges).

Citing a Range of Pages/References:

'This is a pertinent issue, which Maynard argues will be "felt most strongly by end-users, including the DoD and commercial industry" [13, pp. 1107–1108].'

'Studies [5]–[9] have shown ... ' 

Citing Three or More Authors:

When citing sources with two authors or less, include each author if writing an author-prominent sentence. For sources with three or more authors, include the first author, followed by 'et al.'

'Rutter et al. describe the process of electrolysis in [18].'

Citing Multiple Sources in One Sentence:

Non-Consecutive: 'To alleviate high computational cost, several papers attempt to solve the sensor scheduling problem by using suboptimal methods while giving reasonable results [1], [5], [8].'

Consecutive:
'Studies [5]–[9] have shown ... '

Citing the Same Source Multiple Times:

Use the same number originally used to cite the source, whenever you use it further in your work.

Citing a Source Within a Source (Secondary Citing):

Where possible, access the original work cited in the source you are reading. If you are unable to do this, cite the source you are reading.