Skip to Main Content

Chicago 17th (A) Notes and Bibliography

Interviews and personal communication

  • Published interviews generally follow the patterns of the document types they are published within.
  • References to interviews consulted online can include a DOI (preferred) or a URL.
  • The Chicago Manual of Style does not require that access dates be included in references to formally published online sources, unless no date of publication is provided.

Published interviews

Footnote

Format

Note Number. Interviewee Full Name, "Title of Interview," interview by Interviewer Full Name, Publication Title (Month DD, YYYY), URL.

Example

1. Juan Guaidó, “Venezuela’s Juan Guaidó Tells TIME How He Hopes to Win Over the Military and Remove Nicolas Maduro,” interview by Ciara Nugent, Time (February 1, 2019), https://time.com/5518443/juan-guaido-interview-venezuela/.

Subsequent note entry

2. Guaidó, interview.

Bibliography

Format

Interviewee Surname, First Name. "Title of Interview". By Interviewer Full Name. Publication Title. Month DD, YYYY. URL.

Example

Guaidó, Juan. “Venezuela’s Juan Guaidó Tells TIME How He Hopes to Win Over the Military and Remove Nicolas Maduro.” By Ciara Nugent, Time. February 1, 2019. https://time.com/5518443/juan-guaido-interview-venezuela/.

Tips

  • Published interviews can be cited in the same way as news sources, journal articles, or book chapters.

Interviews in news broadcasts (aired on television, radio etc)

Footnote

Format

Note Number. Interviewee Full Name, interview by Interviewer Full Name, Title of Program, Month DD, YYYY of broadcast, format or type of broadcast. URL.

Example

1. Claude Choules, interview by Geoff Hutchinson, ABC News Canberra ACT, ABC, March 3, 2011, podcast, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-03/last-living-wwi-veterans-last-interview/2704724.

Subsequent note entry

2. Choules, interview.

Bibliography

Format

Interviewee Surname, First Name. Interview by Interviewer Full Name. Title of Program. Network. Month DD, YYYY of broadcast. Format or type of broadcast. URL.

Example

Choules, Claude. Interview by Geoff Hutchinson. ABC News Canberra ACT, ABC. March 3, 2011. Podcast. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-03/last-living-wwi-veterans-last-interview/2704724.

Unpublished interviews

Footnote

Format

Note Number. Interviewee Full Name, interview by Interviewer Full Name, (Location, Month DD, YYYY).

Example

1. Erik Beyersdorf, interview by Kurt Weil (Melbourne, October 21, 2012).

Subsequent note entry

2. Beyersdorf, Interview.

Tips

  • Unpublished interviews are cited in notes but are rarely listed in the bibliography. For interviews in an archive, follow the patterns on the Primary sources page.

Personal communications

Footnote

Format

Note Number. Correspondent Full Name, medium if relevant, Month DD, YYYY.

Example

1. Karl Sanders, email correspondence with author, October 22, 2012.

Subsequent note entry

2. Sanders, email.

Tips

  • Personal communications via mediums including letter, email, text message, or social media can be cited in a note or within the text, but are rarely listed in the bibliography.