Citations for interviews include the names of the interviewee and interviewer, brief information about these people where relevant, publication details (or transcript locations), and the date of the interview. Published interviews generally follow the patterns of the document types they are published within.
References to interviews consulted online can include a DOI or a URL. If allocated, the DOI is the preferred electronic resource identifier. Note that a DOI may have the form of a URL. If so, it is included in full. The Chicago Manual of Style does not require that access dates be included in references to formally published electronic and online sources. However, students may be required to include them for assessment tasks.
Published interviews can be cited in the same way as news sources, journal articles, or book chapters.
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Rule for Note |
Note Number. Full Name of Interviewee, "Title of Interview," interview by Interviewer's Full Name, Publication Title, Publication date, URL. |
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Example of Note entry |
1. Juan Guaidó, “Venezuela’s Juan Guaidó Tells TIME How He Hopes to Win Over the Military and Remove Nicolas Maduro,” interview by Ciara Nugent, Time (February 1, 2019), https://time.com/5518443/juan-guaido-interview-venezuela/. |
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Subsequent Note entry |
2. Guaidó, interview. |
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Rule for Bibliography |
Interviewee’s Surname, Given Name. "Title of Interview". By Interviewers Full Name. Publication Title. Interview date. URL. |
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Example of Bibliography entry |
Guaidó, Juan. “Venezuela’s Juan Guaidó Tells TIME How He Hopes to Win Over the Military and Remove Nicolas Maduro.” By Ciara Nugent, Time. February 1, 2019. https://time.com/5518443/juan-guaido-interview-venezuela/. |
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Rule for Note |
Note Number. Interviewee's Full Name, interview by Interviewer's Full Name, Title of Program, date of broadcast, format or type of broadcast. URL. |
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Example of Note entry |
1. Claude Choules, interview by Geoff Hutchinson. ABC News Canberra ACT, ABC, March 3, 2011, podcast, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-03/last-living-wwi-veterans-last-interview/2704724. |
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Subsequent Note entry |
2. Choules, interview. |
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Rule for Bibliography |
"Title Interviewee's Surname, Given Name. Interview by Interviewer's Full Name. Title of Program. Network. Date of broadcast. Format or type of broadcast. URL. |
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Example of Bibliography entry |
Choules, Claude. Interview by Geoff Hutchinson. ABC News Canberra ACT, ABC. March 3, 2011. Podcast. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-03/last-living-wwi-veterans-last-interview/2704724. |
Unpublished interviews are cited in notes but are not listed in the bibliography. For interviews in an archive, follow the patterns in the Archival material guide.
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Rule for Note |
Note Number. Interviewee's First and Last Names, interview by Interviewer's First and Last Names, (Location of interview, Date). |
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Example of Note entry |
1. Erik Beyersdorf, interview by Kurt Weil (Melbourne, October 21, 2012). |
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Subsequent Note entry |
2. Beyersdorf, Interview. |
Personal communications via mediums including letter, email, text message, or social media can be cited in a note or within the text, but are not listed in the bibliography.
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Rule for Note |
Note Number. Correspondent's Full Name, medium if relevant, date. |
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Example of Note entry |
1. Karl Sanders, email correspondence with author, October 22, 2012. |
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Subsequent Note entry |
2. Sanders, email. |