Journal articles are scholarly periodical publications that develop in-depth research on a topic and include citations to other sources. Unlike in Chicago’s notes and bibliography system, the year of publication appears directly after the author’s name in the reference list. Accordingly, the volume and issue numbers of journals are presented differently too. If there is only a volume and issue number (i.e. no month or season provided), enclose the issue number in parentheses. If there is only an issue number (i.e. no volume, month or season), precede the issue number with 'no.' Citations to journal articles may only give specific pages, however the reference list entry is made to the article as a whole and includes the first and last page numbers.
References to journal articles consulted online include a URL or a persistent Digital Object Identifier (DOI). If allocated, the DOI is preferred. Note that a DOI should be included in the form of a URL starting with https://doi.org/.
The Chicago Manual of Style does not require that access dates be included in references to formally published online sources. However, students may be required to include them for assessment tasks.
Non-English Names in an English Context - Naming conventions for non-English authors may differ, refer to the manual.
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Rule for Citation |
(Author’s Surname Year of Publication, Page or Pages) |
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Example of Citation entry |
(Stern 2011, 355)
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Rule for Reference list |
Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article.” Title of Publication Volume Number (Issue Number): Article Page Range. DOI or URL. or Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article.” Title of Publication Volume Number no. Issue Number (Month or Season): Article Page Range. DOI or URL. |
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Example of Reference list entry |
Glass, Jennifer, and Philip Levchak. 2014. “Red States, Blue States, and Divorce: Understanding the Impact of Conservative Protestantism on Regional Variation in Divorce Rates.” American Journal of Sociology 119 (4): 1002–46. https://doi.org/10.1086/674703. Stern, Eliyahu. 2011. “Genius and Demographics in Modern Jewish History.” Jewish Quarterly Review 101, no. 3 (Summer): 347–82. http://www.jstor-org.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/stable/41300143. |
List up to three authors in both the citation and the reference list. For four or more authors, list only the first followed by et al. in the citation and all authors in the reference list. Above ten authors, list only the first followed by et al. in the citation and only the first seven followed by et al. in the reference list.
Note that multiple authors are listed in the same order as they appear on the title page, which may not necessarily be alphabetical order. Note also that for a journal article with two or more authors, only the first-listed name is inverted in the reference list.
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Rule for Citation |
List two or three authors: (Authors' Surnames Year of Publication, Page or Pages)
For four or more authors list the first author followed by et al. (First Author's Surnames et al. Year of Publication, Page or Pages) |
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Example of Citation entry |
(Hayden and Wright 1976, 925) (Gmuca et al. 2015, 162) |
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Rule for Reference list |
First Author's Surname, First Author’s Given Name and Second Author's Full Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article.” Title of Publication Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Month, or Season): Article page range. DOI or URL. First Author’s Surname, First Author’s Given Name, Subsequent Authors’ Full Names. Year of Publication. "Title of Article.” Title of Publication Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Month, or Season): Article page range. DOI or URL.
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Example of Reference list entry |
List all authors up to ten in the reference list: Hayden, Dolores and Gwendolyn Wright. 1976. “Architecture and Urban Planning.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1, no. 4 (Summer): 923–933. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3173242?sid=primo Gmuca, Natalia V., Linnea E. Pearson, Jennifer M. Burns, and Heather E. M. Liwanag. 2015. “The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny.” Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88, no. 2 (March/April): 158–66. https://doi.org/10.1086/680080 For articles with over ten authors list only the first seven followed by et al.
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Cite journal articles accessed in print in the same way as journal articles accessed online, but without a DOI or URL.
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Rule for Citation |
(Author’s Surname Year of Publication, Page or Pages) |
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Example of Citation entry |
(Krauss 1999, 91) |
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Rule for Reference list |
Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article.” Title of Publication Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Month, or Season): Article page range. |
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Example of Reference list entry |
Krauss, Rosalind. 1999. "Perpetual Inventory." October, no. 88 (Spring): 86–116. |