In academia, scholarly journal articles are usually a source of reliable knowledge based on research and evidence. Peer-reviewed or refereed articles have been through a process of scrutiny by other experts in the field.
(Author's surname, Year)
Author's surname (Year)
This was seen in an Australian study (Couch, 2017)
Couch (2017) suggests that . . .
(Author 1's surname and Author 2's surname, Year)
Author 1's surname and Author 2's surname (Year)
(Francis and Black, 2019)
Francis and Black (2019)
(Author 1’s surname et al. Year)
Author 1's surname et al. (Year)
(De Keyser et al. 2019)
De Keyser et al. (2019) suggests
Author A (Year) 'Title of journal article', Title of Journal, Vol No.(Issue No.):page–page, doi:10.xxx
Author A (Year) 'Title of journal article', Title of Journal, Vol No.(Issue No.):page–page. (Database)
Author A (Year) 'Title of journal article', Title of Journal, Vol No.(Issue No.):page–page, accessed Day Month Year. URL
Tharoor S (1990) ‘The universality of human rights and their relevance to developing countries’, Nordic Journal of International Law, 59(1):139-152, doi:10.1163/157181090X00288
Tharoor S (1990) ‘The universality of human rights and their relevance to developing countries’, Nordic Journal of International Law, 59(1):139-152. (HeinOnline)
Tharoor S (1990) ‘The universality of human rights and their relevance to developing countries’, Nordic Journal of International Law, 59(1):139-152, accessed 17 December 2020. https://brill.com/view/journals/nord/59/1/article-p139_15.xml
Author A (Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Journal, accessed Day Month, Year, doi:10.xxx
Author A (Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Database, accessed Day Month, Year, doi:10.xxx
Kjellberg I and Jansson B (Advance online publication) 'The capability approach in social work research: a scoping review of research addressing practical social work', International Social Work, accessed 3 February 2022, doi:10.1177/0020872819896849
Awaya N and Ma L (2021) 'Tree boosting for learning probability measures', arXiv, accessed 3 February 2022, doi:arxiv:2101.11083
Author A (Year) 'Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Journal, volume(issue):page–page.
Prentice C (2010) ‘Terms of ambivalence: cultural politics and symbolic exchange’, Australian Literary Studies, 25(4):33–54.
Author A (Day Month Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Newspaper, accessed Day Month Year, URL
Author A (Day Month Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Newspaper, accessed Day Month Year, Name of Database.
Mackay M, Price N and Mulheron A (23 January 2024) 'Living through Antarctic snowstorms, Australian scientists are undertaking some of the 'most ambitious' research', ABC News, accessed 24 January 2024, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01-23/australian-scientists-discover-east-antarctica-is-losing-ice/103377816
Clun R (19 January 2021) '365 days later: the alert that heralded disaster', The Age, accessed 19 January 2021, Newsbank.
Author A (Day Month Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’, Name of Newspaper.
Peel C (5 June 2019) 'Revealed: who's at most risk of violence', The Australian.
Author A (Day-Day Month Year) ‘Title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [conference presentation], Name of Conference, Place of Conference, doi:10.xxx
Author A (Day-Day Month Year) ‘Title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [conference presentation], Name of Conference, Place of Conference, database name.
Author A (Day-Day Month Year) ‘Title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [conference presentation], Name of Conference, Place of Conference, accessed date, URL
Mareková H (21-23 March 2018) 'Violence as social pathology through the optics of social work', [conference presentation], CBU International Conference Proceedings, Prague, doi:10.12955/cbup.v6.1228
Ren H (7-12 May 2023) '3D meta-optics: a platform for wavefront shaping and optical sensing', [conference presentation], 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Jose, USA, IEEE Xplore.
MacIntyre S (10-12 August, 2008) 'Participation in the classroom, productivity in the workforce: unfulfilled expectations', [conference presentation], Australian Council for Educational Research Conference, Brisbane, Australia, accessed 12 August, 2022, https://research.acer.edu.au/research_conference_2008/8/