Subject guides: Chicago 18th (B) Author-Date: Books and chapters

Books and chapters

For quotations and references to specific passages, citations include page numbers.
The edition is only included if it is not the first edition.
Names that follow Eastern order (surname first) rather than Western order (surname last) should not be inverted in a reference list.

Books with one author

In-text citation

Format

(Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

Example

(McCune 2014, 32)

Reference list

Format

Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example

McCune, Jeffrey Q. 2014. Sexual Discretion: Black Masculinity and the Politics of Passing. University of Chicago Press.

Books with multiple authors

In-text citation

Format

Two authors

(First Author Surname and Second Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

More than two authors

(First Author Surname et al. Year of publication, Pages)

Example

Two authors

(Suhrke and Adelman1999, 43–45)

More than two authors

(Laumann et al. 1994, 4)

Reference list

Format

Two to six authors

First Author Surname, First Name, and Subsequent Author Full Names. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

More than six authors

First Author Surname, First Name, Second Author Full Name, Third Author Full Name, et al. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example

Two to six authors

Suhrke, Astri, and Howard Adelman. 1999. The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis From Uganda to Zaire. Transaction Publishers.

More than six authors

Smith, John, Maria Thompson, Rachel Green, et al. 2020. Innovations in Digital Learning: Theory and Practice. Academic Press.

Tips

Multiple authors are listed in the same order as they appear on the title page, which may not necessarily be alphabetical order.
For books with more than two authors, the in-text citation should list only the first author, followed by "et al."
Only the first-listed name is inverted in the reference list (i.e. Surname, First Name).
Name up to six authors in the reference list; if there are more than six, list only the first three, followed by "et al."

Organisation in the place of an author

In-text citation

Format

(Organisation Name Year of publication, Pages)

(Organisation Acronym Year of publication, Pages)

Example

(United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1998, 4)

(USHMM 1998, 4)

Reference list

Format

Organisation Name. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

Acronym (Organisation Name). Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 1998. Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto. Little Brown and Company.

USHMM (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). 1998. Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto. Little Brown and Company.

Tips

If there is no person’s name on the title page, cite the organisation in the place of an author.
For shorter in-text citations, an organisation may be cited under their acronym. The entry must be alphabetised under that abbreviation (rather than the spelled-out name) in the reference list.
If referring to the organisation in the body of your work, acronyms are spelled out in the first instance followed by the abbreviated form enclosed in parentheses, subsequent instances use the abbreviated form alone.

Edited books

In-text citation

Format

(Editor Surname Year of publication, Pages)

Example

(Watts 2003, 73)

Reference list

Format

Editor Surname, First Name, ed. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example

Watts, Margit Misangyi, ed. 2003. Technology: Taking the Distance out of Learning. Jossey-Bass.

Tips

Works prepared by multiple editors follow the same patterns as those written by multiple authors.
Do not include abbreviations such as ed. in the in-text citation.

Chapters in books

In-text citation

Format

(Chapter Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

Example

(Jones 1998, 56)

(Richard 2022, 148)

Reference list

Format

Chapter in edited book

Chapter Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. “Chapter Title.” In Title of Book: Subtitle, edited by Editor Full Name. Publisher.

Chapter in single author book

Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. “Chapter Title.” In Title of Book: Subtitle, Publisher.

Example

Chapter in edited book

Jones, Colin. 1998. “Nobles, Bourgeois and the Origins of the French Revolution.” In The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies, edited by Gary Kates. Routledge.

Chapter in single author book

Richard, Alison. 2022. “Human Footprints.” In The Sloth Lemur’s Song: Madagascar from the Deep Past to the Uncertain Present. University of Chicago Press.

Tips

Often an edited book will have different authors for each chapter, so it is important to cite the editor and book as a whole in addition to the chapter information.
You can also cite a chapter of a single author book, if the specific chapter is of especial relevance to your discussion. In this case, the chapter author and book author are the same.
For quotations and references to specific passages include the page number in the in-text citation, but do not include any page numbers in the reference list.

eBooks

In-text citation

Format

(Author Surname Year of publication, Page or Chapter Number)

Example

(Edwards 2010, chap. 2)

Reference list

Format

Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher. Application/Device/File Format/DOI/URL.

Example

Edwards, Andres R. 2010.Thriving Beyond Sustainability: Pathways to a Resilient Society. New Society Publishers. Kindle eBook.

Bonds, Mark Evan. 2014. Absolute Music: The History of an Idea. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.001.0001.

Lystra, Karen. 2004. Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain’s Final Years. University of California Press. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt8779q6kr/.

Tips

E-books are referenced in the same way as print books with the addition of an application, device, file format, DOI or URL.
If allocated, the DOI is preferred over a URL. Note that a DOI should be included in the form of a URL starting with https://doi.org/.
Many e-books do not have fixed page numbers. In this case, use other locaters such as a chapter number or a section heading.

Reprints and modern editions

In-text citation

Format

(Author Surname [Original Year of Publication] Modern Year of Publication, Pages of Modern Edition)

Example

(Austen [1813] 2003, 74)

Reference list

Format

Author Surname, First Name. (Original Year of Publication) Modern Year of Publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Publisher. Reprint, Publisher.

Example

Austen, Jane. (1813) 2003. Pride and Prejudice. T. Egerton. Reprint, Penguin Classics.

Tips

This format should be used when the original year of publication is relevant, such as to emphasise the historical context of a reissued publication.
The citation refers to the modern edition.

Books published before 1900

In-text citation

Format

(Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

Example

(Cervantes Saavedra 1605-15, 58)

Reference list

Format

Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Location.

Example

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. 1605-15. El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha. Madrid.

Tips

For books published before 1900, the city of publication is usually of greater interest than the name of the publisher (often a long-defunct printer); it is therefore usually preferable to leave out publishers’ names and include only a place and date of publication.
If for any reason the publisher is included, retain the city of publication, followed by a colon.

Books with an author and a translator

In-text citation

Format

(Author Surname Year, Pages)

Example

(García Márquez 1988, 242–55)

Reference list

Format

Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. Title of Book: Subtitle. Translated by Translator’s Full Name. Publisher.

Example

García Márquez, Gabriel. 1988. Love in the Time of Cholera. Translated by Edith Grossman. Cape.

Exhibition catalogues

In-text citation

Format

(Chapter Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

(Short form of the title Year)

Example

(Friedman 2018)

(Mary Cassatt 1998)

Reference list

Format

Chapter Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. “Chapter Title.” In Title of Catalogue. Publisher. Published in conjunction with the exhibition of the same title, shown at Institution’s Name.

Title of Catalogue. Year of publication. Edited by Editor Full Name. Publisher. Published in conjunction with the exhibition of the same title, shown at Institution’s Name.

Example

Friedman, Samantha. 2018. “Inner and Outer Worlds.” In MoMA at NGV: 130 Years of Modern and Contemporary Art. National Gallery of Victoria. Published in conjunction with the exhibition of the same title, shown at the National Gallery of Victoria, in partnership with the Museum of Modern Art.

Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman. 1998. Edited by Judith A. Barter. Art Institute of Chicago, in association with Harry N. Abrams. Published in conjunction with the exhibition of the same title, shown at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the National Gallery in Washington, DC, and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Tips

Reference exhibition catalogues in the same way as other published books.
Specific essays may be referenced like chapters in edited books.
If the author is unknown, exhibition catalogues may be referenced by the title.
In the reference list also provide the exhibition and the institution with which the publication is associated.

A source referred to in another publication

In-text citation

Format

(quoted in Secondary Source Author Surname Year of publication, Pages)

Example

In Louis Zukofsky’s “Sincerity and Objectification,” from the February 1931 issue of Poetry magazine (quoted in Costello 1981) . . .

Reference list

Format

Secondary Source Author Surname, First Name. Year of publication. Title of Work: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example

Costello, Bonnie. 1981. Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Harvard University Press.

Tips

Consult and reference the original source yourself if possible.
If an original source is unavailable, mention the original author and date in the text, and cite only the secondary source in the reference list.