It’s important to attribute both:
This provides fair attribution which is often lacking due to historical misinformation, poor recordkeeping, purposeful destruction, and privileging of Western perspectives.
When citing and referencing sources of Indigenous Knowledge, you need to:
The IKAT provides examples in APA style, however these can be adapted to the Chicago style. The Chicago manual section 14.136 suggests treating secondary sources of Indigenous Knowledge with caution as they may be inappropriate. Section 14.137 outlines how to cite an Indigenous Elder or Knowledge Keeper directly (see below). Check with your lecturer if you plan to use the IKAT principles in your work.
Information shared directly by an Indigenous person is often cited as a variation of the personal communication rule. Personal communications are usually not recorded or published and therefore are not recoverable by readers. In Chicago style, reference list entries for personal communications are not usually needed.
(Indigenous Person’s Surname Year)
Indigenous Person’s Surname, First Name (Traditional Name [if applicable]). Year. Nation/community. Treaty territory [if applicable]. Where they live [if applicable]. Topic/subject of communication. Interview, month, day.
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