Citing and referencing: Ephemera

A guide to the styles recommended by Monash schools and departments for students and researchers

Ephemera

Exhibition catalogue or brochure, author or curator, print

Reference list

Holland, A 2010, Love, loss & intimacy, exhibition catalogue, 13 February-25 July, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Holland (2010, p. 2) describes the special relationship between an artist and their subject.
*pinpoint the specific information
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The catalogue displays a selection of artists' works expressing love and loss (Holland 2010).
Quoting - Author prominent

Holland (2010, p. 2) asserts that 'for many artists drawing is a compulsive act'.
*pinpoint the quote

Quoting - Information prominent Common among artists in the exhibition are the 'shared beliefs and deep-felt emotions that have determined paths one has taken' (Holland 2010, p. 26).
*pinpoint the quote

 

Exhibition catalogue or brochure, author or curator, online

Reference list

Campbell, H 2010, Colour, rhythm, design: wood and lino cuts of the 20’s & 30’s, catalogue, 13 March-11 July 2010, Art Gallery of NSW, Sydney, viewed 23 October 2010, http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/education/education-materials/online-catalogues/ colour-rhythm-design/

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Campbell (2010, p. 2) discusses the various influences on Australian printmakers during the two decades.
*pinpoint the specific information
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The catalogue demonstrates the versatility of Australian printmaking artists (Campbell 2010).
Quoting - Author prominent Campbell (2010, p. 8) contends that there are only a 'relatively small number of urban subjects created by Australian artists using the technique of linocutting'.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent Art in the exhibition illustrates the 'capacity of these techniques to create images that were modern' (Campbell 2010, p. 2, emphasis in original).
*pinpoint the quote

 

Theatre or Concert ticket

Reference list

PJ Harvey Concert 2012, concert ticket, Regent Theatre, Melbourne, 15 January.

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

The ticket for the PJ Harvey Concert (2012) contains a digital barcode.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The design includes an image of the venue (PJ Harvey Concert 2012)
Quoting - Author prominent *if you reproduce the ticket in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A
Quoting - Information prominent

*if you reproduce the ticket in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A

 

Theatre program

Reference list

Bell, J (dir.) 2011, Much ado about nothing, by W Shakespeare, program, 8 April- 14 May 2011, Bell Shakespeare Company, Drama Theatre, Sydney Opera House.
*director as author

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Bell (dir. 2011) describes the contemporary scenery used in the play.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The production programme (Bell dir. 2011) includes a list of all performing actors and their biographies.
Quoting - Author prominent *if you reproduce part of the program in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A
Quoting - Information prominent

*if you reproduce part of the program in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A

 

Personal communications - Letter, email, conversation, phone call, SMS etc
*a personal communication is NOT an acceptable academic source unless as an object of research

Reference list

*personal communications are not included in the reference list as they have not been published and are not available to readers
*gain permission of the author before using a personal communication

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

B Hetherington (2011, 3 July), in a personal conversation, expressed the view that children with a history of offending presented a great strain on the resources of their schools.
*give full date
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The view that child offenders presented a strain on the resources of their schools has been expressed (B Hetherington 2011, pers. comm. 3 July).
*give full date
Quoting - Author prominent B Hetherington (2011, pers. comm. 3 July) asserts that 'children with a history of offending generally are more difficult in the classroom situation and thus place a greater strain on school resources'.
*pinpoint the quote
*give full date
Quoting - Information prominent

'Children with a history of offending generally are more difficult in the classroom situation and thus place a greater strain on school resources' (B Hetherington 2011, pers. comm. 3 July).
*pinpoint the quote
*give full date