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Other sources

In-text citation

One author

Format

(Author's surname Year)

Author's surname (Year)

Example

This was seen in an Australian study (Couch 2017)

Couch (2017) suggests that . . .

Tips

List the authors names in the same order as they appear in the article.
Go to Getting started > In-text citation to view other examples such as multiple authors.

Tables

Rule

Use tables for exact values and information that is too detailed for the text. Use a table only if there isn't a simpler way to present your content such as a list or a diagram.

Tables should include a caption title row and column headings, information (exact values)

Example

Concerts

Date	Event	Venue
12 Feb	Waltz with Strauss	Main Hall

In-text table section

Use Table 1, Table 2 etc to caption tables and refer to them in the text.

See the Style Manual section on tables.

Data sets

Reference list

Format

Author A or Name of Agency (Year) Title of data set [data set], Name of Website, accessed DD Month YYYY. URL

Example

National Native Title Tribunal (2014) Native Title determination outcomes [data set], accessed 4 January 2020. data.gov.au/data/dataset/native-title-determination-outcomes

Tips

If no date, use n.d.
If name of website is the same as author, do not include the name of the website.

Personal communication and confidential unpublished material

In-text citation

Format

A Author, personal communication, Day Month Year.

A Author, Type of Confidential Unpublished Material, Day Month Year.

Example

M Smith (personal communication, 8 February 2020) wrote . . .

The radiologist's findings were further confirmed (P Alan, radiology report, 6 March 2021) . . .

Tips

Don’t include an entry in the reference list.
Personal communication may include materials such as emails from unarchived sources, private memos or unrecorded interview conversations.
Confidential material may include medical charts, patient health records and other internal reports containing private information.
Permission from the source is necessary before paraphrasing or citing from a confidential document.