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APA 7th

Audiovisual

In-text citation

One author

Format

(Author's surname, Year).

Example

This was seen in an Australian study (Couch, 2017).


OR


Couch (2017) suggests that . . .

Tips

  • Go to Getting started > In-text citation to view other examples such as multiple authors.

Films or movies

Reference list

Format

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Film or DVD with commentary]. Name of Studio.

Example

Scorsese, M., (Producer) & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Film]. Paramount Pictures.

Video file (eg. YouTube video)

Reference list

Format

Author, A. A. OR Author screen name. (YYYY, Month DD {of video post}). Title of video [Video]. Title of website. https://xxxxx

Example

Fonda, J. (2019, December). Why I protest for climate justice [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/jane_fonda_why_i_protest_for_climate_justice

MSNBC. (2020, January 7). Julián Castro endorses Elizabeth Warren [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uk2Tzc8H5po

Tips

  • The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author, even if they did not create the work.
  • If both an author's real name and username are known, provide the real name followed by the username in square brackets.
  • If the real name of the author is unknown, use just the username as the name. Do not abbreviate the username and do not put it in square brackets.
  • When referencing a TED talk retrieved directly from the TED website, list the presenter of the talk as the author.
  • When retrieving a TED talk from YouTube; list TED as the author (as they are the 'uploader').

TV and radio

Single episode in a series

Reference list
Format

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of episode [Format]. In A. Author (role in production), Title of series. Production company.

Example

Stem, J. D. (Writer), Weiss, D. (Writer), & Muzquiz, R. (Director). (1996). Chanukah [TV series episode]. In V. Coffey, G. Csupo, & A. Klasky (Executive producers), Rugrats. Nickelodeon.

Thomason, M., Rudd, P., & Fineri, W. (Writers/Directors). (2007). North west passage [TV series episode]. In T. Wright (Supervising Producer), Captain Cook: Obsession and discovery. Film Australia.

Whole series or single program

Reference list
Format

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of program [Format]. Production company.

Example

Leonard, D. (Producer), & de Pieri, S. (Presenter). (2009). A gondola on the Murray [TV series]. ABC Television.

Tips

  • A single programme is called a Television broadcast.
  • Specify the broadcast date for a single programme.

Podcasts

Reference list

Format

Podcast series

Author, A. A. (Host). (YYYY-present OR YYYY). Title of podcast [Audio podcast]. Publisher. https://xxxxx


Podcast episode

Author, A. A. (Host). (YYYY, Month DD). Title of podcast episode [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast. Publisher. https://xxxxx

Example

Podcast series

Abumrad, J., & Krulwich, R. (Hosts). (2009–present). Radiolab [Audio podcast]. WNYC. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab


Podcast episode

Abumrad, J., & Krulwich, R. (Hosts). (2018, February 14). Smarty plants [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab. WNYC. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/smarty-plants

Kruger, C. (Host). (2020, November 16). Yarrabil girrebbah: Singing Indigenous language alive [Audio podcast episode]. In APATA Podcast. The Australian Performing Arts Teachers Association. https://www.apata.com.au/podcasts-details/yarrabil-girrebbah-singing-indigenous-language-alive/

Tips

  • If you do not know the host's name, you can list the executive producers instead.
  • 'Author' can be a director, producer, creator, etc. depending on the work.

Online images

Reference list

Format

Author, A. A. or Creator, A. A. (Year). Title of image [Format]. Publisher. https://xxxxx

Example

House, C. (2022). Mckenzie Trahan, 22, stares off as her boyfriend Eddie, 26, rests his hand on her stomach near their tent in Hollywood [Photograph]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/christina-house-los-angeles-times

Tips

Music recordings

Reference list

Format

Composer, A. A. (Copyright year). Song title [Recorded by if artist is different from the writer]. On Title of CD [Format]. Production company. (date of recording)

Example

Badnews, U. R. (1927). We only live twice [recorded by P. Murray]. On Resurrection. Ibis Records. (1999).

Tips

  • Include the side, band or track number in in-text citation, e.g. "The Last of the Pioneers" (Williamson, 2003, track 5)
  • Include artist in square brackets after song title if Artist is different from the Writer of the song.

Maps or charts

Map or chart - print or online

Reference list
Format

Creator, A. A. (Year). Title of map [Format]. Publisher. https://xxxxx

Example

Idaho Department of Commerce. (2010). Idaho Rivers [Map]. http://www.visitidaho.org/mapsimages/maps.aspx

Map or chart - in a book

Reference list
Format

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of map or chart [Format]. In B. B. Author, Title of Publication. Publisher.

Example

Magocsi, P. R. (2003). Population movements, 1944–1948 [Map]. In P. R. Magocsi, Historical atlas of central Europe. (Rev. & ex. ed.). University of Washington Press.

Tips

  • When the creator is also the publisher, omit the Publisher element.

Works of art - physical form or online

Reference list

Format

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of art [Format]. Museum name, Museum location.

Artists, A. A., & Artist, B. B., (Year). Title of art [Format]. Museum name, Museum location. https://xxxxx

Example

Nolan, S. (1947). The Trial [Painting]. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Whistler, J. M. (1878). Nocturne: The Thames at Battersea [Lithograph]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, United States. https://bit.ly/35crR9u

Exhibition

Format

Curator, A. (Year(s) of exhibition). Title of exhibition [Format] Gallery name, Gallery location.

Example

The Impressionists: Masterpieces from the Musée d'Orsay [Exhibition]. (2004). The National Gallery of Victoria, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ngv.vic.gov.au/exhibition/the-impressionists/

Tips

  • Provide a link to the artwork or exhibition on the museum (or gallery) website if available.
  • When the curator is unknown move the title of the exhibition to the author position.

For further guidance, see the APA Style website- Audiovisual media section