Audio, music and visual media, includes films and documentaries, online streaming videos (such as YouTube videos), podcasts, TV shows and episodes, music albums and tracks, as well as static objects such as music scores, maps, artworks or photographs.
Some of the descriptions of mediums are: [Film], [Video], [TV series], [TV series episode], [Webinar], [Album], [Song], [Audio podcast], [Video podcast], [Painting], [Photograph], [Map]. These can be adapted to best suit the material you are citing, keeping in mind you should use the description that best enables your reader to locate the material.
Format |
Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Film or DVD with commentary]. Name of Studio. |
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Example |
Scorsese, M., (Producer) & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Film]. Paramount Pictures. |
Format |
Author, A. A. OR Author screen name. (YYYY, Month DD {of video post}). Title of video [Video]. Title of website. https://xxxxx |
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Examples |
Fonda, J. (2019, December). Why I protest for climate justice [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/jane_fonda_why_i_protest_for_climate_justice MSNBC. (2020, January 7). Julián Castro endorses Elizabeth Warren [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uk2Tzc8H5po |
Format |
Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of episode [Format]. In A. Author (role in production), Title of series. Production company. |
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Examples |
Stem, J. D. (Writer), Weiss, D. (Writer), & Muzquiz, R. (Director). (1996). Chanukah [TV series episode]. In V. Coffey, G. Csupo, & A. Klasky (Executive producers), Rugrats. Nickelodeon. Thomason, M., Rudd, P., & Fineri, W. (Writers/Directors). (2007). North west passage [TV series episode]. In T. Wright (Supervising Producer), Captain Cook: Obsession and discovery. Film Australia. |
Format |
Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of program [Format]. Production company. |
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Example |
Leonard, D. (Producer), & de Pieri, S. (Presenter). (2009). A gondola on the Murray [TV series]. ABC Television. |
If you do not know the host's name, you can list the executive producers instead.
Format |
Host Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Host screen name. (Host). (YYYY, Month DD{of podcast}). Title of podcast [Audio podcast]. https://xxxxx |
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Examples
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Podcast Series Abumrad, J., & Krulwich, R. (Hosts). (2009–present). Radiolab[Audio podcast]. WNYC. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab Podcast episode Abumrad, J., & Krulwich, R. (Hosts). (2018, February 14). Smarty plants [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab. WNYC. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/smarty-plants Kruger, C. (Host). (2020, November 16). Yarrabil girrebbah: Singing Indigenous language alive [Audio podcast episode]. In APATA Podcast. The Australian Performing Arts Teachers Association. https://www.apata.com.au/podcasts-details/yarrabil-girrebbah-singing-indigenous-language-alive/ |
Format | Author, A. A. or Creator, A. A. (Year). Title of image [Online image]. Publisher. https://xxxxx |
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Example |
Vinci, L. (2011). Mona Lisa [Online image]. Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_ |
Format |
Author, A. A. (Composer), & Author, B. B. (Lyricist). (Year). Title of work [Format]. Production company. https://xxxxx (Original work published YYYY) |
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Example |
Tchaikovsky, P. (ca. 1920). Serenade for string orchestra, Op. 48 [Musical score]. Breitkopf & Hartel. https://imslp.org/wiki/Serenade_for_String_Orchestra,_Op.48_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr) (Original work published 1880) |
Format |
Composer, A. A. (Year of release). Title of score [Format]. In Title of collection (pages of score in collection). Publisher. |
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Example |
Whitfield, N., & Strong, B. (1966). I heard it through the grapevine [Vocal score]. In Motown anthology (pp. 98–104). Hal Leonard. |
Format |
Composer, A. A. (Year of release). Title of score [Format]. In A. A. Editor (Ed.), Title of collection (pages of score in collection). Publisher. |
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Example |
Porter, C. (1953). It's all right with me [Vocal score]. In W. L. Simon (Ed.), Treasury of great show tunes (pp. 104–110). Reader's Digest. |
Format |
Composer, A. A. (Copyright year). Song title [Recorded by if artist is different from the writer]. On Title of CD [Format]. Production company. (date of recording) |
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Example In-text citation Reference list entry |
"The Last of the Pioneers" (Williamson, 2003, track 5) Badnews, U. R. (1927). We only live twice [recorded by P. Murray]. On Resurrection. Ibis Records. (1999). |
You may include a retrieved date if there is no date on the item.
Format |
Creator, A. A. (Year). Title of map [Type of map]. Publisher. https://xxxxx |
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Example |
Idaho Department of Commerce. (2010). Idaho Rivers [Map] http://www.visitidaho.org/mapsimages/maps.aspx |
Format | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of map or chart [Format]. Publisher. |
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Example |
Metsker Maps. (1979). Metsker's map of Island county, Washington [Map]. Metsker Maps. |
Format |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of map or chart [Format]. In B. B. Author, Title of Publication. Publisher. |
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Example |
Magocsi, P. R. (2003). Population movements, 1944–1948 [Map]. In P. R. Magocsi, Historical atlas of central Europe. (Rev. & ex. ed.). University of Washington Press. |
Formats
Exhibitions |
Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of art [Format]. Museum name, Museum location. Artists, A. A., & Artist, B. B., (Year). Title of art [Format]. Museum name, Museum location. https://xxxxx Curator, A. (Year(s) of exhibition). Title of exhibition [Format] Gallery name, Gallery location. Note: When the curator is unknown move the title of the exhibition to the author position, see example below. |
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Examples |
Nolan, S. (1947). The Trial [Painting]. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia . Whistler, J. M. (1878). Nocturne: The Thames at Battersea [Lithograph]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, United States. https://bit.ly/35crR9u The Impressionists: Masterpieces from the Musée d'Orsay [Exhibition]. (2004). The National Gallery of Victoria, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ngv.vic.gov.au/exhibition/the-impressionists/ |