MHRA PLEASE NOTE: We plan to decommision this guide on 1st December 2023. Please provide feedback for this planned change by emailing librarians@monash.edu |
The MHRA style is often used in the arts and humanities. It uses footnotes that fully reference a citation. The footnoting is MHRA's major advantage: a reader does not need to consult the bibliography to find a reference, as the footnote provides all the detail.
These pages provide a guide to using the MHRA style for citing and referencing your assignments.
Additional support information can be found here:
Footnotes:
Formatting footnotes:
Bibliography:
Formatting the Bibliography:
1 Modern Humanities Research Association, MHRA Style Guide, 3rd edn (London, Modern Humanities Research Association, 2013), p.57.
MHRA requires that Primary sources and Secondary sources are listed separately in the bibliography.
Primary sources are original materials. These can include newspaper articles, letters, memoirs, autobiographies, speeches, diaries, images, government records etc.
NOTE: Primary sources need to be alphabetically listed separately from secondary sources in your bibliography.
Examples:
First footnote:
Fulbert of Chartres, The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres, ed. by Frederick Behrends (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976), pp. 100-03 (p.102).
Bibliography:
Fulbert of Chartres, The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres, ed. by Frederick Behrends (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976)
Secondary sources cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.
NOTE: Secondary sources need to be alphabetically listed separately from primary sources in your bibliography.
Examples:
First Footnote:
Bonnie Wheeler, Listening to Heloise: The Voice of a Twelfth- Century Woman (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000), p. 64.
Bibliography:
Wheeler, Bonnie, Listening to Heloise: The Voice of a Twelfth-Century Woman (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000)
I gratefully acknowledge the hard work of the team members involved in this project:
Janet McGarry
Lucie Goudie