Citing and referencing: Websites

A guide to the styles recommended by Monash schools and departments for students and researchers

Websites

One Author 

Reference list Fein, B 2011, 'The Patriot Act is at war with the constitution', The American view: God, family, republic, viewed 8 November 2011, http://archive.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=1770
*this is an example of a non-academic website which may be analysed for research purposes. Do not rely on the information in the website-find an academic source instead

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Fein (2011) is an example of an opinion piece providing no supporting evidence.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent In an American website with explicit religious aims, the Patriot Act is depicted as unconstitutional (Fein 2011).
Quoting - Author prominent Fein (2011, para. 10) claims, without supporting statistics, that 'the vast majority of victims of illegal or unconstitutional surveillance under FISA are never informed of the spying'.
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Quoting - Information prominent Websites promoting particular beliefs and values are common; for example the belief that 'Liberty for its own sake is the definition of America' (Fein 2011, para. 17).
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Organisation as author

Reference list

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Victoria 2011, Jumps racing, viewed 24 November 2011, http://www.rspcavic.org/issues-take-action/jumps-racing/
*include initials in round brackets only if the source is cited more than once in-text
*this is an example of a non-academic website. Do not rely on the information in the website (it may be too basic or unreliable) -find an academic source instead

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Victoria (2011) argues against jumps racing, as appropriate to its mission.
*if you have only one in-text citation to a source in your work, you must use the full author name (no initials or abbreviations)
Paraphrasing - Information prominent It is asserted without evidence that the campaign against jumps racing in Victoria attracted strong support (The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals [RSPCA] Victoria 2011).
*first of two or more citations include full name and initials in square brackets
Quoting - Author prominent In subsequent in-text citations:
RSPCA Victoria (2011, para.6) claims, again with no evidence, that jumps racing is 'a small and unprofitable part of the racing industry'.
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*initials for second and subsequent citations ONLY
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Quoting - Information prominent In subsequent in-text citations:
The basis on which claims rest is not given; for example, 'in a jumps race there is a one in 14 chance of injury and a one in 116 chance of death for the racehorse' (RSPCA Victoria 2011, para. 9).
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*initials for second and subsequent citations ONLY

 

Website sponsor as author

Reference list

Better Health Channel 2011, Obesity, viewed 6 January 2012, http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Obesity
*this is an example of a non-academic website. Do not rely on the information in the website (it may be too basic or unreliable) -find an academic source instead

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Better Health Channel (2011) is an education site for the general public.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent A website providing basic information for general audience describes a range of diseases relate to obesity (Better Health Channel 2011).
Quoting - Author prominent Better Health Channel (2011, para. 2) presents facts in bullet points or short attention grabbing sentences; for example, 'obesity rates in Australia have more than doubled over the past 20 years'.
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Quoting - Information prominent Summaries and key points are used in preference to detailed evidence and explanation; for example, 'obesity costs Australian taxpayers an estimated $1.5 billion every year in direct health costs' (Better Health Channel 2011, para.10).
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Report from an institution website

Reference list

Reese, A 2013 'Sectarian and regional conflict in the Middle East', Middle East Security Report 13, Institute for the Study of War, viewed 27 August 2013, http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/SectarianandRegionalConflictintheMiddleEast_3JUL.pdf

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Reese (2013) examines how the Syrian and Iraqi conflicts have spilled into neighbouring countries.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The report covers the escalation of conflict in Syria during 2012 and early 2013 (Reese, 2013).
Quoting - Author prominent Reese (2013) concludes that 'Syria and Iraq have become the battlefronts for a regional conflict that is marked by increase in sectarian rhetoric and violence' with no obvious stabilizing influence (p. 19-20).
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Quoting - Information prominent According to the report, the U.S. 'must pursue a regional strategy, not just a Syria-centric or Iran-centric strategy' (Reese 2013, p. 20).
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