Citing and referencing: Speeches/Broadcasts/Audiovisual/Music scores/Interviews

A guide to the styles recommended by Monash schools and departments for students and researchers

Speeches/broadcasts/ audiovisual/music scores/ interviews

Broadcast speech

Reference list

Bryce, Q 2012, Address to the Samoan parliament, online video, viewed 5 June 2012, http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2012-04-02/australian-gg-makes-historic-speech-in-samoa/788998

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Bryce's (2012) speech to the Samoan parliament was the first by a head of state since 1962.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The role of women in politics was a key theme in the speech and coincided with debates in Samoa on the issue (Bryce 2012).
Quoting - Author prominent

Bryce (2012, min.1:15) asserts that 'a key aspect of an effective democracy is the empowerment of women'.
*pinpoint the quote

Quoting - Information prominent 'I congratulate Samoa on the steps being taken to increase the number of women in this parliament' (Bryce 2012, min.1:22).
*pinpoint the quote

 

 

Transcript/text of a speech

Reference list

Obama, B 2012, 'Address to America Israel Public Affairs Committee', transcript, The Guardian, 4 March, viewed 22 May 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/04/obama-aipac-speech-read-text

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Obama (2012) again signalled strong support for Israel.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The threat to nuclear non-proliferation posed by Iran was discussed at some length (Obama 2012).
Quoting - Author prominent

Obama (2012, p. 3 of 6) reiterated the American government‟s position on Israel; 'we have continued to insist that any Palestinian partner must recognise Israel's right to exist'.

*pinpoint the quote

Quoting - Information prominent

A clear statement that „the United States and Israel both assess that Iran does not yet have a nuclear weapon‟ (Obama 2010, p. 4 of 6) did little to allay fears.

*pinpoint the quote

 

 

Video Interview

Reference list

Froman, M. (2020)  'Extended Interview with Michael Froman' Interviewed by Elyssee for The Business, 3 March, viewed 11 June 2020,  https:// www.abc.net.au/news/programs.the-business/2020-03--03/extended-interview-with-michael-froman/12022624?nw=0 

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Froman (2020) sees integration as the primary reason for economic improvements in most countries over the last seven years. 
Paraphrasing - Information prominent There is a rise in countries creating their own internet, their own platforms and uncoupling from each other (Froman 2020).
Quoting - Author prominent

Froman (2020, min. 2:11) believes we will 'see countries beginning to pull back and pursue more nationalistic policies'

*pinpoint the quote.

Quoting - Information prominent

More commonly now 'countries are looking for alternative ways of integrating with each other given the fact that with the WTO there hasn't been much progress' (Froman 2020, min. 2:47).

*pinpoint the quote

 

 

 Interview

Reference list

Ruggie,J. (2011)  'Business and Human Rights Together at last. A Conversation with John Ruggie' Interview by Fletcher Forum staff for The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Summer 2011, viewed 11 June 2020, http://www.fletcherforum.org.home/2016/9/6business-and-human-rights-together-at-last-a-conversation-with-john-ruggie 

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Ruggie (2011) argues early American mining ventures into the Andes caused many issues with indigenous communities.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Chinese companies are going through a learning curve in dealing with local communities (Ruggie 2011). 
Quoting - Author prominent

Ruggie (2011, para 2) was responsible for the ' development and proposal of what has now become the respect, protect and remedy framework'. 

*pinpoint the quote

Quoting - Information prominent

The respect, protect and remedy framework says that 'it is the duty of the state to protect against human rights abuse by third parties, including business' (Ruggie 2011, para. 2)

*pinpoint the quote

 

 

Radio broadcast

Reference list

Miller, G & Stapleton, R 2012, Birdland, radio program, ABC Radio National, 14 January.
*producer, presenter, sound engineer etc as authors as relevant

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Miller and Stapleton (2012) collated bird sounds, music, poetry and documentary in this program.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent The contributors to the program shared their love of Australian birds through poetry and music (Miller & Stapleton 2012).
Quoting - Author prominent Miller and Stapleton (2012, min.1:33) chose from among ‟almost 400 pieces‟ to produce the program.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent

The program is a response to questions of the role of birds in „our individual sense of self‟ (Miller & Stapleton 2012, min. 1:17)
*pinpoint the quote

 

Transcript, radio, online

Reference list

Mitchell, N & Miller, G 2005, 'The Marco Polo of neuroscience: V S Ramachandran', All in the mind, radio transcript, ABC Radio National, 7 May, viewed 9 February 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/the-marco-polo-of-neuroscience-vs-ramachandran/3440754
*program episode in quote marks, program title in italics

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Ramachandran was interviewed (Mitchell & Miller 2005) about his views on neuroscience and art.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent A number of controversial claims are proposed (Mitchell & Miller 2005).
Quoting - Author prominent In a radio interview (Mitchell & Miller 2005, para. 20), Ramachandran claims that in 'the entire history of the human species most of the art is highly distorted, exaggerated, even abstract'.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent

'When you explain something in terms of component parts you enrich your understanding a bit you certainly don't diminish from the experience' (Mitchell & Miller 2005, para. 10)
*pinpoint the quote

 

Television broadcast

Reference list

Hickey, J (series producer) 2011, 'Episode 1', Immigration nation: the secret life of us, television program, SBS, 28 January

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Hickey (2011) shows that Australia is multicultural despite historical efforts to prevent this.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Until the 1930s, Australian governments explicitly pursued a white Australia policy in a variety of ways (Hickey 2011).
Quoting - Author prominent *if possible, use an online version with closed captions for quotes
Quoting - Information prominent

*if possible, use an online version with closed captions for quotes

 

Transcript, television, online

Reference list

Clark, T & Ryan, J 2000, 'Episode 1: keeping the faith', In the mind of the architect, television transcript, ABC TV, viewed 9 February 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/arts/architecture/ep_trn1.htm
*program episode in quote marks, program title in italics

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Clark & Ryan (2000) survey perceptions of the role of architecture.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Architects are portrayed as collaborative (Clark & Ryan 2000).
Quoting - Author prominent Sean Godsell (Clark & Ryan 2000, p. 18 of 20) asserts 'the client is the essential catalyst'.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent

The spiritual dimension of the High Court was captured in its architecture: 'a very pleasant place to work, but it was also to have the symbolic reflection of access to justice, openness and transparency' (Clark & Ryan 2000, p. 5 of 20).
*pinpoint the quote

 

Podcast or vodcast

Reference list

Monash Postgraduate Association 2011, 'Plagiarism', Compass online: winter, podcast, viewed 12 December 2011, http://mpa.monash.edu.au/compass-archives/Winter11/podcast.html
*insert ‘podcast’ or ‘vodcast’ as appropriate.

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Monash Postgraduate Association (2011) discusses types of plagiarism and associated university policy and processes.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Clear guidelines are provided on what the University considers plagiarism (Monash Postgraduate Association 2011).
Quoting - Author prominent Monash Postgraduate Association (2011, sec. 00:34) defines the term as 'passing off somebody else's work as your own'.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent

Plagiarism 'can be inadvertent or it can be intentional' according to Monash Postgraduate Association (2011, sec. 00:41).
*pinpoint the quote

 

Music score

*music scores are referenced in the same way as books.

Reference list

Sculthorpe, P 1982, Mountains, Faber, London.

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Sculthorpe's (Faber 1982) Mountains was composed for the Sydney International Piano Competition.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Jagged melodic phrases in the upper register symbolise the peaks of mountains (Sculthorpe 1982)
Quoting - Author prominent *if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A
Quoting - Information prominent

*if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A

 

 

Music score transcription

Reference list

Ellington, D 2005, Purple Gazelle, Jazz at Lincoln Center Library, Alfred Publishing, California.
*include the name of the series

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Ellington's (Alfred 2005) Purple Gazelle was transcribed by Paul Berger.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Berger's transcriptions contribute to the increasing jazz literacy of high school jazz bands (Ellington 2005).
Quoting - Author prominent *if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A
Quoting - Information prominent

*if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A

 

 

Edited music score or Critical edition

Reference list

Pauer, M (ed.) n.d., L van Beethoven: Concerto for piano and orchestra No.5, op.72, Edition Peters, London.
*n.d. for ‘no date’ for this particular edition
*retain punctuation of author names in source

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

van Beethoven's (Pauer ed., n.d.) concerto No 5 begins dramatically.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent Complex structures and themes interweave through the concerto (van Beethoven n.d.).
Quoting - Author prominent *if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A
Quoting - Information prominent

*if you reproduce musical notation in your work you must provide a caption and citation as shown in Appendix A

 

 

Film

Reference list

Murnau, FW (dir) 1922, Nosferatu, DVD, Eureka Video, London.
*use ‘motion picture’, ‘DVD’ or ‘videorecording’ as appropriate

Paraphrasing - Author prominent

Murnau's (dir. 1922) silent film, Nosferatu, remains a powerful and iconic horror film.
Paraphrasing - Information prominent As an early example of German expressionist film, Nosferatu employs a range of cinematic effects manipulating the sense of time (Murnau dir. 1922).
Quoting - Author prominent Murnau (dir. 1922, min. 26:35) generated a frisson of fear through the juxtaposition of apparently ordinary lines as 'I will be in a very deep sleep indeed' with the imagery of decay.
*pinpoint the quote
Quoting - Information prominent

Melodramatic lines such as 'her soul had heard the call of the death bird' (Murnau dir. 1922, min. 36:50) were calculated to generate poignancy in the face of impending horror.
*pinpoint the quote