Citing and referencing: Audiovisual

A guide to the styles recommended by Monash schools and departments for students and researchers

Audiovisual

 

Movies at the cinema  / on DVD

Rule for Notes

Title of the Movie, directed by Name of the Director (Name of the Production Company or Distributor year in which the movie was released), if relevant, describe the scene you are citing. Unless you watched the movie in a theatre, include information about the medium.

Examples of Notes

1. Capote, directed by Bennett Miller (Sony Pictures Classics 2005), opening scene.

2. Crumb, directed by Terry Zwigoff (Superior Pictures, 1994), DVD (Sony Pictures, 2006).

Rule for bibliography

In the bibliography, you can list the movie either under the name of the director (followed by dir.) or under the title.

Crumb. Directed by Terry Zwigoff. Superior Pictures, 1994. DVD. Sony Pictures, 2006.

or

Zwigoff, Terry, dir. Crumb. Superior Pictures, 1994. DVD. Sony Pictures, 2006.

 

Television and radio programs (on air / DVD / online)

Rule for Notes

Title of the Program, "Name of the Episode or Segment", date on which it was first aired and the entity that produced or broadcast the work. You may include an episode number, the name of the director or author of the particular episode. If you watched in anything other than its original broadcast medium, include information about the medium.

Examples of Notes

1. All Things Considered, "Bumps on the Road Back to Work," directed by Tamara Keith, aired September 5, 2011, on NPR.

2. Mad Men, season 1, episode 12, "Nixon vs. Kennedy," directed by Alan Taylor, aired October 11, 2007, on AMC, DVD (Lions Gate Television, 2007), disc 4.

3. 30 Rock, season 5, episode 22, "Everything Funny All he Time Always," directed by John Riggi, featuring Tina Fey, aired April 28, 2011, on NBC, accessed March 21, 2012, http://www.hulu.com​/30-rock/.

4.  By Design, "Conversation: The New Sublimity,"  aired February 13, 2013 at 2.05 pm on ABC Radio National, mp3 audio file, accessed March 24, 2014, http://www.abc.net.au​/radionational/​programs/bydesign/13​-february/4501076.

Rule for bibliography

 Cite by the Title of the program

Examples of entries in Bibliography

  Mad Men. Season 1, episode 12, "Nixon vs. Kennedy." Directed by Alan Taylor. Aired October 11, 2007, on AMC. DVD. Lions Gate Television, 2007, disc 4.

Online video (eg Youtube / Streamed services)

Rule for Notes

Include at minimum, the name and description of the item plus the online file type, an access date and a URL. You may also add the published/posted date.

For off-air television recordings add the date the program was aired on television and the broadcaster.

Provide the author only if you are sure that person created the video. Do not list the person posting the video online as the author. If you are unsure treat the citation as having no author.

Example of Note

1. Peakdavid, "Chicago-Turabian Footnote and Endnote Citation Formats, Part 1" (online video), published April 5, 2009, accessed February 13, 2013, http://www.youtube.com​/​watch?v=m_ePYMR5nJU.

2. Erkki Huhtamo, "Maréorama Resurrected: An Illustrated Lecture Performed 22 October 2011" (online video), accessed March 24, 2014, http://vimeo.com/​53533579.

3. Robert Hughes, "Shock of the New - The Mechanical Paradise" (online video), aired January 3, 1991 at 12:00am on SBS ONE, accessed March 24, 2014, http://edutv.informit.com.au.​​​ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/​​watch-screen.php?videoID=​172422.

4. 8R BETONDESIGN, "Walter Gropius - The Dessau Bauhaus" (online video), published August 24, 2013, accessed March 24, 2014, https://www.youtube​.com​/​​watch?v=jM8mLQhC688#t=11.

Example of entry in Bibliography

8R BETONDESIGN. "Walter Gropius - The Dessau Bauhaus" (online video). Published August 24, 2013. Accessed March 24, 2014. https://www.youtube.com​/​​watch​?v=jM8mLQhC688#t=11.

Hughes, Robert. "Shock of the New - The Mechanical Paradise" (online video). Aired January 3, 1991 at 12:00am on SBS ONE. Accessed  March 24, 2014. http://edutv.informit.com.au​​.​ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au​/​watch​-screen.php?videoID=172422.

Huhtamo, Erkki. "Maréorama Resurrected: An Illustrated Lecture Performed 22 October 2011" (online video). Accessed March 24, 2014. http://vimeo.com/53533579.

Peakdavid, "Chicago-Turabian Footnote and Endnote Citation Formats, Part 1" (online video). Published April 5, 2009. Accessed  February 13, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/​​​watch?v=m_ePYMR5nJU.

 

Movies (viewed in a cinema)

Rule for Parenthetical citations (In Text)

Title of the movie, directed by name of the director, name of the production company or distributor, year in which the movie was released, if relevant, describe the scene you are citing.

Examples of Parenthetical citations (In Text)

(Capote, directed by Bennett Miller, Sony Pictures Classics, 2005, opening scene)

Reference List

Do not cite in reference list unless a specific item is critical to your argument or frequently cited.

 

Video recordings / DVD

Rule for Reference List

Generally follow the pattern for books, with the addition of the medium (VHS, DVD)

Examples of Reference List

Cleese, John, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. 2001. Commentaries. Disc 2. Monty Python and the Holy Grail, special ed. DVD. Directed by Terry Gilliam and Terry Jones. Culver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment.

Maya Lin, 2003. A Strong Clear Vision. DVD. Directed by Frieda Lee Mock. New York: New Video, 2003.

Rule for paranthetical citations (In Text)

Generally follow the pattern for books

Examples of paranthetical citations (In Text)

(Maya 2003)

 

Youtube videos

Rule for Reference List

Provide the author only if you are sure that person created the video. Do not list the person posting the video online as the author. If you are unsure treat the citation as having no author. Include the online file type, an access date and URL. When citing In text include the date video was uploaded.

Example of Reference List

Peak, David. 2013. "Chicago-Turabian Footnote and Endnote Citation Formats, Part 1." Youtube. Online video clip. Accessed February 13, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_ePYMR5nJU.

Example of paranthetical citations (In Text)

(Peak 2009)

 

Online multimedia

Rule for Reference List

If you viewed a movie, television program or other broadcast online (including podcasts), cite the online file.

Example of Reference List

ABC Radio National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). n.d. "By design conversation: The new sublimity". Radio National website. Mp3 audio file. Accessed February 13, 2013. http://www.abc.net.au​/radionational/programs/bydesign​/13-february/4501076.

Rule for paranthetical citations (In Text)

   This generally follows the same format as a book. Include the name of the Author followed by the date. If no date is given in the bibliography use the Author followed by the title of the work. You may also include the time at which the cited material appears in the file.

Example of paranthetical citations (In Text)

 

(Australian Broadcasting Corporation Radio National, "By design conversation: The new sublimity")