Before using this guide check with your faculty, school or department for their specific referencing guidelines
Notes:
Follow these examples closely for all layout, punctuation, spacing and capitalisation.
Enter author's surname, followed by no more than 2 initials.
Give all authors' names and separate each by a comma and a space.
Enter all authors' names in the order in which they appear in the original source.
Only the first word of the article title and words that normally begin with a capital letter are capitalised.
For book chapters abbreviate page numbers to p. eg p. 12-25. Where appropriate abbreviate thus: p. 122-8.
For electronic books include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if it is given and place it after the URL (web address).
Abbreviate months to their first 3 letters.
The formats for Tables and Figures (see below) can also be applied to charts, photographs, graphs, etc.
For more detailed information go to: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine
| Format |
Author AA. Title of book. Edition [if not first]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination. |
|
Example |
Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009. 541 p. Ambulance Victoria. Ambulance Victoria clinical practice guidelines for ambulance and MICA paramedics. Doncaster (AU): Ambulance Victoria; 2014. 349 p. |
| Format |
Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book. Edition [if not first]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination. |
| Example |
Campo P, Dunn JR, editors. Rethinking social epidemiology: towards a science of change. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. 348 p. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Chapter number, Chapter title; p. [page numbers of chapter]. |
| Example |
Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p. 1103-33. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. p. [page numbers of chapter]. |
| Example |
Blaxter PS, Farnsworth TP. Social health and class inequalities. In: Carter C, Peel JR, editors. Equalities and inequalities in health. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1976. p. 165-78. |
| Format |
Author AA. Title of web page [Internet]. Place of publication: Sponsor of Website/Publisher; Year of publication [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Number of pages. Available from: URL doi: (if available) |
| Example |
Shreeve, DF. Reactive attachment disorder: a case-based approach [Internet]. New York: Springer; 2012 [cited 2019 Aug 17]. 85 p. Available from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-1647-0 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1647-0 Ambulance Victoria (AU). Clinical practice guidelines ambulance and MICA paramedics [Internet]. Version 1.4. Doncaster (AU): Ambulance Victoria; 2018 [cited 2019 Aug 17]. 405 p. Available from: https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/paramedics/clinical-practice-guidelines/. National Health and Medical Research Council (AU). Emergency care acute pain management manual [Internet]. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2011 [cited 2019 Aug 17]. 54 p. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/cp135 Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL. Ganong’s review of medical physiology [Internet]. 25th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012 [cited 2019 Aug 7]. Available from: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=1587 Example with a DOI Ettinger S. Nutritional pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities: a case-study approach [Internet]. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2017 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. 334 p. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128030134 doi: 10.1016/C2014-0-04074-9 |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of the book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication [cited YYYY Mon DD]. p. number. [page or chapter number/s] Available from: URL doi: (if available) |
| Example |
Halpen-Felsher BL, Morrell HE. Preventing and reducing tobacco use. In: Berlan ED, Bravender T, editors. Adolescent medicine today: a guide to caring for the adolescent patient [Internet]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2014 [cited 2019 Nov 3]. Chapter 18. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/monash/reader.action?docID=846091 |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of the book [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Chapter number, Chapter title; [cited YYYY Mon DD]. p. number. Available from: URL doi: (if available) |
| Example |
Elisabetta B, Yassin G. Crash course: pharmacology [Internet]. 4th ed. Edinburgh (GB): Mosby Ltd; 2012. Chapter 5, Central nervous system; [cited 2019 Jan 7]. p. 69-98. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/monash/reader.action?docID=10574606 |
| Format |
Contributing Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of the book [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. [cited YYYY Mon DD]. p. number [page or chapter number/s]. Available from: URL doi: (if available) |
| Example |
Seeley WW, Miller BL. Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine [Internet]. 19th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2015. [cited 2019 Jan 8]. Available from: http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1130&Sectionid=79755539 |
| Format |
Author AA. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Table number, Table caption; p. number. |
| Example |
Burant CF. Medical management of type 2 diabetes. 5th ed. Alexandria (VA): American Diabetes Association; c2004. Table 3.12, Sample regimens for achieving glycemic control; p. 68. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD. Title of book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. [Table #], Table caption; [cited YYYY Mon DD]; p. number. Available from: URL |
| Example |
Noel Walker J, Del Rosso JM, Karyl Held A. Nutrition and physical activity field assessment of children in rural America [Internet]. Westport (CT): Save the Children; 2005. Table 1, Prevalence of overweight among rural children in Save the Children regions; [cited 2019 Nov 07]; p. 2. Available from: http://www.savethechildren.org/atf/cf/%7B9def2ebe-10ae-432c-9bd0-df91d2eba74a%7D/10-Nutrition-and-Physical-Activity-Field-Assessment-2005.pdf |
| Format |
Author AA. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Figure #, Figure caption; p. number/s. |
| Example |
Lashley FR. Clinical genetics in nursing practice. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; c2005. Figure 2.5, Meiosis with two autosomal chromosome pairs; p. 27-8. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE. Title of book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Figure #, Figure caption; [cited YYYY Mon DD]; p. number. Available from: URL |
| Example |
Collins SR, Kriss JL, Davis K, Doty MM, Holmgren AL. Squeezed: why rising exposure to health care costs threatens the health and financial well-being of American families [Internet]. New York: Commonwealth Fund; 2006 Sep. Figure ES-1, Individual market is not an affordable option for many people; [cited 2019 Nov 15]; p. viii. Available from: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2006/sep/squeezed-why-rising-exposure-health-care-costs-threatens-health |
Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [updated 2009 Oct 21; cited 2019 Nov 10]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine