Before using this guide check with your faculty, school or department for their specific referencing guidelines
The way you cite information can be important depending on the emphasis you wish to apply:
If you wish to quote or paraphrase an author, and want to emphasise the author, then your citation becomes 'author prominent'. The citation will look something like this:
If you wish to emphasise the information you have paraphrased or quoted from an author, then your citation becomes 'information prominent'. The citation will look something like this:
Multiple works by the same author:
Each individual work by the same author, even if it is published in the same year, has its own reference number.
Citing secondary sources:
A secondary source, or indirect citation, occurs when the ideas on one author are published in another author's work, and you have not accessed or read the original piece of work. Cite the author of the work you have read and also include this source in your reference list.
The in-text citation is placed immediately after the text which refers to the source being cited:
Using round brackets:
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead".(1)
Using square brackets:
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead".[1]
Using superscript:
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead".1
The author's name can also be integrated into the text
Scholtz 1 has argued that...
Including page numbers with in-text citations:
Page numbers are not usually included with the citation number. However should you wish to specify the page number of the source the page/s should be included in the following format:
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead".1(p23)
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead".(1 p23)
Scholtz (1 p16-18) has argued that...
Citing more than one reference at a time:
The preferred method is to list each reference number separated by a comma, or by a dash for a sequence of consecutive numbers. There should be no spaces between commas or dashes, for example: (1,5,6-8)