This page lists some common queries about formatting In-Text Citations using the IEEE Style. If your scenario is not covered here, consult IEEE's Documentation Style resource.
En Dash:
Use the en dash ( – ) rather than a hyphen ( - ) when indicating numerical ranges (e.g. page ranges, reference ranges, figure ranges).
Citing a Range of Pages/References:
'This is a pertinent issue, which Maynard argues will be "felt most strongly by end-users, including the DoD and commercial industry" [13, pp. 1107–1108].'
'Studies [5]–[9] have shown ... '
Citing Three or More Authors:
When citing sources with two authors or less, include each author if writing an author-prominent sentence. For sources with three or more authors, include the first author, followed by 'et al.'
'Rutter et al. describe the process of electrolysis in [18].'
Citing Multiple Sources in One Sentence:
Non-Consecutive: 'To alleviate high computational cost, several papers attempt to solve the sensor scheduling problem by using suboptimal methods while giving reasonable results [1], [5], [8].'
Consecutive:
'Studies [5]–[9] have shown ... '
Citing the Same Source Multiple Times:
Use the same number originally used to cite the source, whenever you use it further in your work.
Citing a Source Within a Source (Secondary Citing):
Where possible, access the original work cited in the source you are reading. If you are unable to do this, cite the source you are reading.